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  <h2>go/4-Go语言框架/4-1-gin框架/3-gin数据解析和绑定</h2>



  <p class="post-date">2020-09-15</p>
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    <section class="markdown-content"><h1 id="一-Json-数据解析和绑定"><a href="#一-Json-数据解析和绑定" class="headerlink" title="一 Json 数据解析和绑定"></a>一 Json 数据解析和绑定</h1><p>客户端传参，后端接收并解析到结构体定</p>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"net/http"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义接收数据的结构体</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Login <span class="keyword">struct</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// binding:"required"修饰的字段，若接收为空值，则报错，是必须字段</span></span><br><span class="line">   User    <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"username" json:"user" uri:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">   Pssword <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"password" json:"password" uri:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 1.创建路由</span></span><br><span class="line">   r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// JSON绑定</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.POST(<span class="string">"loginJSON"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 声明接收的变量</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> json Login</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 将request的body中的数据，自动按照json格式解析到结构体（只能解析json格式）</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&amp;json); err != <span class="literal">nil</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="comment">// 返回错误信息</span></span><br><span class="line">         <span class="comment">// gin.H封装了生成json数据的工具</span></span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"error"</span>: err.Error()&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 判断用户名密码是否正确</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> json.User != <span class="string">"lqz"</span> || json.Pssword != <span class="string">"123"</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"304"</span>, <span class="string">"msg"</span>: <span class="string">"用户名或密码错误"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"200"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   r.Run(<span class="string">":8080"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="二-表单数据解析和绑定"><a href="#二-表单数据解析和绑定" class="headerlink" title="二 表单数据解析和绑定"></a>二 表单数据解析和绑定</h1><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"net/http"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义接收数据的结构体</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Login <span class="keyword">struct</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// binding:"required"修饰的字段，若接收为空值，则报错，是必须字段</span></span><br><span class="line">   User    <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"user" json:"user" uri:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">   Pssword <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"password" json:"password" uri:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 1.创建路由</span></span><br><span class="line">   r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// JSON绑定</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.POST(<span class="string">"loginJSON"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 声明接收的变量</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> json Login</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// Bind()默认解析并绑定form格式,根据请求头中content-type自动推断</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">//urlencoded,json,form-data格式都支持</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> err := c.Bind(&amp;json); err != <span class="literal">nil</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"error"</span>: err.Error()&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 判断用户名密码是否正确</span></span><br><span class="line">      fmt.Println(json.Pssword,json.User)</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> json.User != <span class="string">"lqz"</span> || json.Pssword != <span class="string">"123"</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"304"</span>, <span class="string">"msg"</span>: <span class="string">"用户名或密码错误"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"200"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   r.Run(<span class="string">":8080"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h1 id="三-URI数据解析和绑定"><a href="#三-URI数据解析和绑定" class="headerlink" title="三 URI数据解析和绑定"></a>三 URI数据解析和绑定</h1><figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"fmt"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"net/http"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义接收数据的结构体</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Login <span class="keyword">struct</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// binding:"required"修饰的字段，若接收为空值，则报错，是必须字段</span></span><br><span class="line">   User    <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"user" json:"user" uri:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">   Pssword <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"password" json:"password" uri:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 1.创建路由</span></span><br><span class="line">   r := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// JSON绑定</span></span><br><span class="line">   r.GET(<span class="string">"/:user/:password"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 声明接收的变量</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> json Login</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 解析并绑定路径中的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> err := c.ShouldBindUri(&amp;json); err != <span class="literal">nil</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"error"</span>: err.Error()&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 判断用户名密码是否正确</span></span><br><span class="line">      fmt.Println(json.Pssword,json.User)</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> json.User != <span class="string">"lqz"</span> || json.Pssword != <span class="string">"123"</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"304"</span>, <span class="string">"msg"</span>: <span class="string">"用户名或密码错误"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">         <span class="keyword">return</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"status"</span>: <span class="string">"200"</span>&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">   r.Run(<span class="string">":8080"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="四-ShouldBind"><a href="#四-ShouldBind" class="headerlink" title="四  ShouldBind"></a>四  ShouldBind</h1><p><code>ShouldBind</code>会按照下面的顺序解析请求中的数据完成绑定：</p>
<ol>
<li>如果是 <code>GET</code> 请求，只使用 <code>Form</code> 绑定引擎（<code>query</code>）。</li>
<li>如果是 <code>POST</code> 请求，首先检查 <code>content-type</code> 是否为 <code>JSON</code> 或 <code>XML</code>，然后再使用 <code>Form</code>（<code>form-data</code>）</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight go"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> (</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"</span></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="string">"net/http"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 定义接收数据的结构体</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">type</span> Login <span class="keyword">struct</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// binding:"required"修饰的字段，若接收为空值，则报错，是必须字段</span></span><br><span class="line">   User    <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"user" json:"user" uri:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">   Password <span class="keyword">string</span> <span class="string">`form:"password" json:"password" uri:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   router := gin.Default()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 绑定JSON的示例 (&#123;"user": "lqz", "password": "123"&#125;)</span></span><br><span class="line">   router.POST(<span class="string">"/loginJSON"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> login Login</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> err := c.ShouldBind(&amp;login); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="string">"user"</span>:     login.User,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="string">"password"</span>: login.Password,</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">      &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"error"</span>: err.Error()&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 绑定form表单示例 (user=lqz&amp;password=123)</span></span><br><span class="line">   router.POST(<span class="string">"/loginForm"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> login Login</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// ShouldBind()会根据请求的Content-Type自行选择绑定器</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> err := c.ShouldBind(&amp;login); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="string">"user"</span>:     login.User,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="string">"password"</span>: login.Password,</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">      &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"error"</span>: err.Error()&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 绑定QueryString示例 (127.0.0.1:8080/loginForm/?user=lqz&amp;password=123)</span></span><br><span class="line">   router.GET(<span class="string">"/loginForm"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span><span class="params">(c *gin.Context)</span></span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">var</span> login Login</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// ShouldBind()会根据请求的Content-Type自行选择绑定器</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> err := c.ShouldBind(&amp;login); err == <span class="literal">nil</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="string">"user"</span>:     login.User,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="string">"password"</span>: login.Password,</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">      &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">         c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H&#123;<span class="string">"error"</span>: err.Error()&#125;)</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   router.Run(<span class="string">":8080"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></section>
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